Retinoblastoma is a cancer that develops in the cells of the retina, the light detecting tissue of the eye. Retinoblastoma has the best cure rates of all childhood cancers. There are two forms of this malady: heritable and non-heritable. Symptoms include abnormal appearance of the pupil (leukocoria or amaurotic cat’s eye reflex), red or irritated eye, deteriorated vision, faltering growth or delayed development. Some children show a squint, or ‘cross-eyes’ (strabismus). These can be detected in a simple eye exam using an ophthalmoscope.

The photographic fault red eye may be another sign. Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer, affecting 1 in 15,000 live births. Retinoblastoma can be caused by a mutation on chromosome 13, called the RB1 gene. This disease is also hereditary. Diagnosis includes the red reflex, which is checking the normal reddish orange reflection from the retina using an ophthalmoscope. Then there is the corneal light reflex or Hirchberg test, which checks for symmetrical reflection of a light from the same spot on each eye when light is shone on the corneas. Then there is the simple eye exam. Bilaterally and unilaterally affected individuals show RB1 mutation in blood. Treatment includes chemotherapy, cryotherapy and external beam radiotherapy.

Cancer, a disease that had haunted the world for many centuries and still haunting. Although cures have been found for cancer no doctors can give guarantees to lives. Cancer is known to be called a killer disease. Many symptoms for cancer are yet to be discovered, and the one been discovered are still not been found a way to be prevented. Doctors, and scientist are working over the cure for cancer people get affected by it every day and day, and the need for doctors are not more in demand than the people who get affected.

Cancer could eat the whole body by its fast affecting growth of a human body cell. It kills the man bit by bit, by faster or slower pain is just excruciating knowing you might actually die of cancer. Cancer can be stopped only if one knows the symptoms of it, and getting treatment done in advance might result in favor.

Pancreatic Cancer is basically a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas. Pancreatic Cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer death worldwide. Symptoms include a family history of this type of cancer, smoking, diets low in fruits and veggies and high in red meat and soft drinks, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatic, helicobacter pylori infection, and gingivitis. Alcohol is theorized to be a risk factor for Pancreatic Cancer, but that is as yet uncertain as there is no hard evidence to back this up. Diagnosis includes a check up to see if the patient has jaundice, liver function tests, CT scan, and endoscopic ultrasound.

Prevention is best when smoking is given up on, consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, intake of B vitamins like B12, B6, and folate. Treatment for exocrine pancreas cancer includes surgery, where the Whipple procedure is most commonly used. After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine is administered. Radiation therapy is also given. Treatment for endocrine pancreatic tumors includes CT scan, surgery, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and chemotherapy.

Ovarian Cancer is a cancerous growth arising from the ovary. More than 90 percent of ovarian cancers are classified as ‘epithelial’ and are believed to arise from the epithelium or surface of the ovary. The fallopian tube could sometimes be the source of this cancer. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, back pain, urinary urgency, tiredness, constipation, pelvic pain, weight loss and vaginal bleeding. Ovarian Cancer can be caused by mutations in certain specific genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women who are infertile and with a condition called endometriosis, or who have never been pregnant and take post-menopausal estrogen replacement therapy are at increased risk.

Hormones play a major role in his case, and women who take medication to help hormonally have shown changes for the better. Alcohol intake does not show any relation to Ovarian Cancer. Genes and heredity show extensive connections to those with Ovarian Cancer. Tubal ligation and hysterectomy reduce the risk factors. Diagnosis includes a physical exam, including a pelvic exam, and transvaginal ultrasound, biopsies, MRIs, microscopy and laparascopy. There are four stages to this cancer. It can be treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.